1 00:00:00,012 --> 00:00:03,856 Hello and welcome to Internet History, Technology and Security. 2 00:00:03,856 --> 00:00:07,731 I'm Charles Severance and I'll be your instructor for this class. 3 00:00:07,731 --> 00:00:12,210 So I always like to think about when I design a class like who should take this 4 00:00:12,210 --> 00:00:16,896 class and lots of classes and various things, different levels, online, these 5 00:00:16,896 --> 00:00:21,615 MOOCs, some are junior level classes. This is really kind of like a late high 6 00:00:21,615 --> 00:00:25,577 school early college class. It's a survey class, and we're going to 7 00:00:25,577 --> 00:00:29,090 learn a bunch of things. And, who should take this class? 8 00:00:29,090 --> 00:00:31,928 And the answer I think is absolutely everyone. 9 00:00:31,928 --> 00:00:36,614 We use this Internet, we touch this Internet, you're watching this video over 10 00:00:36,614 --> 00:00:40,052 this Internet. It's going to be a bigger and bigger part 11 00:00:40,052 --> 00:00:43,829 of our lives as time goes by. We just should all know something about 12 00:00:43,829 --> 00:00:46,116 it. We don't have to be super programmers, and 13 00:00:46,116 --> 00:00:49,479 believe me, even though this is a technology class, we're going to talk 14 00:00:49,479 --> 00:00:52,539 about technical things. We're going to talk about packets and 15 00:00:52,539 --> 00:00:56,433 retransmissions and you'll be surprised at how much cool stuff we learn in this 16 00:00:56,433 --> 00:00:59,124 class, but there's no math. This is not a math class. 17 00:00:59,124 --> 00:01:02,124 There's no programming. You're not going to write any code. 18 00:01:02,124 --> 00:01:04,941 We're going to learn stuff and we're going to talk about that. 19 00:01:04,942 --> 00:01:10,541 And so it's really to make you think. It's really to get to the point where you 20 00:01:10,541 --> 00:01:16,620 understand the internet well enough that you can talk about it and reason about it. 21 00:01:16,620 --> 00:01:22,746 This course came about because I have some video and I really believe that history 22 00:01:22,746 --> 00:01:28,714 is, history's kind of weird and lumpy. At least the parts of history that I know 23 00:01:28,714 --> 00:01:33,829 and have been a part of. When people do something on PBS and talk 24 00:01:33,829 --> 00:01:38,734 about the history of the internet, or history of technology. 25 00:01:38,735 --> 00:01:43,105 They, they tend to simplify. It's like they turn into sound bites, and 26 00:01:43,105 --> 00:01:47,649 the real history is kind of lumpy and actual people who do the innovation are, 27 00:01:47,649 --> 00:01:51,804 are sometimes just curious people. They're not sort of Not necessarily 28 00:01:51,804 --> 00:01:55,786 successful, they're not, necessarily wealthy, but they're very curious. 29 00:01:55,786 --> 00:01:59,273 So what I wanted to do in this class is not try to compress it down to just a 30 00:01:59,273 --> 00:02:02,604 couple of bullet points. But actually introduce to people that have 31 00:02:02,604 --> 00:02:05,104 done things. And let you draw your own conclusions. 32 00:02:05,104 --> 00:02:07,561 Let them, in their own words, describe what it is. 33 00:02:07,561 --> 00:02:12,166 And give them 8, 10, or even 15 minutes, to explain to you what it was that they 34 00:02:12,166 --> 00:02:14,735 did. And then you can take, and then reflect on 35 00:02:14,735 --> 00:02:17,336 that. And we'll do that together, how this all, 36 00:02:17,336 --> 00:02:20,232 all works. I would like to start, talking about who I 37 00:02:20,232 --> 00:02:24,211 am, so you get to know who I am. I have a particular teaching style, as you 38 00:02:24,211 --> 00:02:27,973 will you will soon find out. I am from the university of Michigan. 39 00:02:27,973 --> 00:02:31,496 Place is important. While you'll be taking, you'll be taking 40 00:02:31,496 --> 00:02:35,975 this all over the world, and that's wonderful and I'm glad you're watching. 41 00:02:35,975 --> 00:02:40,845 I teach at the University of Michigan in the lovely building here on the north 42 00:02:40,845 --> 00:02:44,890 campus, called the North Quad. We call it Quadwarts as a joke. 43 00:02:44,890 --> 00:02:50,363 It's if you ever get to Ann Arbor, walk through the building, it's just absolutely 44 00:02:50,363 --> 00:02:53,364 gorgeous. And I teach this material in this very 45 00:02:53,364 --> 00:02:58,925 classroom that's actually 2255 North Quad. And, you know, if you took this class from 46 00:02:58,925 --> 00:03:03,580 me on campus, there I would be standing, you know, saying hi to you and talking. 47 00:03:03,580 --> 00:03:08,266 I hope I'm a little bigger now, I'm, I'm like this big, I'm bigger now, I might, I 48 00:03:08,266 --> 00:03:11,095 might even be on a fullscreen, a big screen TV. 49 00:03:11,095 --> 00:03:14,962 But I teach this material, at the University of Michigan, where I'm, 50 00:03:14,962 --> 00:03:19,615 clinical associate professor, that used the clinical means that I'm focused more 51 00:03:19,615 --> 00:03:22,922 on teaching and, and leadership then, then research. 52 00:03:22,922 --> 00:03:25,442 Actually teaching and learning is my research. 53 00:03:25,442 --> 00:03:29,291 I've written a bunch of books and I'm very active in our teaching and in the 54 00:03:29,291 --> 00:03:33,638 development of a new undergraduate program in information a bachelors of science 55 00:03:33,638 --> 00:03:38,544 information that we're, we're developing. So, to give a little history. 56 00:03:38,544 --> 00:03:43,929 Like I mentioned I have this video collection of all these people. 57 00:03:43,929 --> 00:03:50,531 And I got this video collection because in 1995, right after the internet was just 58 00:03:50,531 --> 00:03:54,000 getting started. I wanted to tell people about it. 59 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,413 I mean, we in academia had known about it since the late 80s. 60 00:03:57,413 --> 00:04:01,661 But I just wanted everyone to know. I was like this Internet is cool and it's 61 00:04:01,661 --> 00:04:04,102 a new way of thinking and all these things. 62 00:04:04,102 --> 00:04:09,004 And so, I had friends that worked in a cable industry and me with my co-host, 63 00:04:09,004 --> 00:04:12,720 Richard Wiggins, who you will see some of his videos as well. 64 00:04:12,721 --> 00:04:17,148 We need to put the series of television shows over a several, your period that 65 00:04:17,148 --> 00:04:21,840 were produced by cable companies with the, the secret plan of, promoting cable 66 00:04:21,840 --> 00:04:26,325 modems, meaning we would sit and we would sit on the set and you can see on the set 67 00:04:26,325 --> 00:04:30,534 there is this little cable modem now hopefully your cable modem is little 68 00:04:30,534 --> 00:04:35,088 smaller and hopefully your cable modem is little more reliable or your network 69 00:04:35,088 --> 00:04:39,157 connection is more reliable and we would sit and we would go like. 70 00:04:39,158 --> 00:04:43,113 And look how fast our network is because of this awesome cable modem. 71 00:04:43,113 --> 00:04:47,608 So that one of the excuses that the cable companies made to show was to feature 72 00:04:47,608 --> 00:04:50,803 cable modems. Now that the cable modems are barely 73 00:04:50,803 --> 00:04:56,029 working you, you can sometimes watch the old videos and see sweat pouring off our 74 00:04:56,029 --> 00:04:59,696 heads and that's because we did things over and over and over. 75 00:04:59,696 --> 00:05:04,896 And finally, the, finally the cable modem would work, but, you know now I think 76 00:05:04,896 --> 00:05:08,270 things are a little more reliable than they were. 77 00:05:08,270 --> 00:05:12,891 And so, we love this notion of sharing, and in 1994, 95, 96 you know, and even 97, 78 00:05:12,891 --> 00:05:18,003 98, the Internet was a small place and the people doing, doing all the innovation and 79 00:05:18,003 --> 00:05:20,906 fooling around and stuff were very accessible. 80 00:05:20,906 --> 00:05:25,196 So it appeared we had a television show. It wasn't, you know, as, it was, it was in 81 00:05:25,196 --> 00:05:28,100 a million homes. It was, it was distributed around the 82 00:05:28,100 --> 00:05:31,098 country for a while. Techtv came out and then that kind of 83 00:05:31,098 --> 00:05:33,911 ruined us. But we had cameras, and we would go get a 84 00:05:33,911 --> 00:05:36,912 hold of people. Meet them at a conference or something and 85 00:05:36,912 --> 00:05:39,878 stick a camera in their face, and say, I want to talk to you. 86 00:05:39,878 --> 00:05:44,093 And so we've got, we've got, you know, Tim Burner's Lee and we'll meet Tim later, and 87 00:05:44,093 --> 00:05:47,154 James Wells, one of the founding people in early real audio. 88 00:05:47,154 --> 00:05:49,431 And we would just ask these people questions. 89 00:05:49,431 --> 00:05:53,441 And then we'd ask them what they thought, what the future was going to be like. 90 00:05:53,442 --> 00:05:58,005 And so we'll meet a lot of people throughout the class, but I wanted to give 91 00:05:58,005 --> 00:06:03,188 you, one person, that sort of, really inspired, and he's not somebody that you 92 00:06:03,188 --> 00:06:06,842 would even know. And so, here's James Wells, of Real Audio. 93 00:06:06,842 --> 00:06:12,029 >> The web is basically a silent movie. Now, voice has been available, audio has 94 00:06:12,029 --> 00:06:15,101 been available on the web, as downloadable files. 95 00:06:15,101 --> 00:06:19,822 Per some point in time, but there's a real issue with this problem that, if, for 96 00:06:19,822 --> 00:06:24,502 example, you know, a five minute segment that you want to listen to, it takes 25 97 00:06:24,502 --> 00:06:27,820 minutes for the 14-4 modem to download that segment. 98 00:06:27,820 --> 00:06:31,885 That's before you even know whether you want to listen to it or not. 99 00:06:31,886 --> 00:06:36,480 >> Mm-hm. >> So what if you could take that segment 100 00:06:36,480 --> 00:06:43,175 and in say, 2 or 3 seconds, be listening to the real, the real audio on demand, at 101 00:06:43,175 --> 00:06:49,310 the place that you want to listen. It allows the idea of what we call narrow 102 00:06:49,310 --> 00:06:53,257 casting. That is to take information In a very 103 00:06:53,257 --> 00:07:00,062 inexpensive way, and get into very specific points of interest and targets. 104 00:07:00,062 --> 00:07:05,285 Another large a user of, of real audio is education. 105 00:07:05,285 --> 00:07:12,746 You know, distance learning, the ability to, to provide a learning environment over 106 00:07:12,746 --> 00:07:19,149 time, and over space. >> [inaudible] Johnny Green. 107 00:07:19,149 --> 00:07:22,435 Johnny Green heading towards the end zone. Touchdown. 108 00:07:22,435 --> 00:07:28,668 >> [laugh] I tell you, that's pretty neat. And you can sense the excitement even over 109 00:07:28,668 --> 00:07:32,566 14,4 modem and if you look you can see the little lights blinking. 110 00:07:32,566 --> 00:07:36,446 And that is actually the data. That's being transferred back and forth. 111 00:07:36,446 --> 00:07:40,880 They just, it just amazes me, how much information they can get over 14-4 modem. 112 00:07:40,880 --> 00:07:43,709 Its the quantity that I was told is about like AM radio. 113 00:07:43,709 --> 00:07:47,261 Is that, is that the best quality there we are going to see over that modem. 114 00:07:47,261 --> 00:07:50,096 >> No, as a matter of fact, the 2 ohm release which Mr. 115 00:07:50,096 --> 00:07:55,797 Wells talked about is, is now available. Has what they claimed to be approaching CD 116 00:07:55,797 --> 00:07:59,330 quality. >> So that was James Wells and it's really 117 00:07:59,330 --> 00:08:02,672 quite exciting. He talked about, I mean, when he's 118 00:08:02,672 --> 00:08:07,547 talking, he's talking about a modem that was 14-4 and sending audio over a 14-4 119 00:08:07,547 --> 00:08:12,497 modem and yet one of the first thoughts in people's mind at that moment was how to 120 00:08:12,497 --> 00:08:17,385 teach with this stuff and how we could teach people all around the world and. 121 00:08:17,386 --> 00:08:21,607 Education is such a primal thing that we humans do and so you, we take a look at 122 00:08:21,607 --> 00:08:25,897 this Internet and we go like, okay, that's a thing we're going to use for education 123 00:08:25,897 --> 00:08:29,900 and of course ironically, here we are. Another thing that I do is I write a 124 00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:34,104 monthly column for IEEE computer magazine called Computing Conversations. 125 00:08:34,104 --> 00:08:38,812 And some of the videos that you will see are part of IEEE Computer funding me to 126 00:08:38,812 --> 00:08:43,292 travel around and produce these videos of Internet and computer technology 127 00:08:43,292 --> 00:08:48,332 luminaries and they've also graciously allowed me to give you the copies of the 128 00:08:48,332 --> 00:08:51,560 articles and so you can read these articles as well. 129 00:08:51,560 --> 00:08:56,666 And so it's I really appreciate their willingness to let me share these with 130 00:08:56,666 --> 00:08:59,835 this course. So my research area is teaching and 131 00:08:59,835 --> 00:09:03,365 learning with technology and so it's kind of ironic. 132 00:09:03,365 --> 00:09:08,011 And so as soon as I saw the James Wells thing I'm thinking I need to build 133 00:09:08,011 --> 00:09:12,436 software that will do this. And so I had this software and in the 19, 134 00:09:12,436 --> 00:09:16,379 1996 where I mean, we couldn't even send video at that point. 135 00:09:16,379 --> 00:09:20,655 So I had this, like, kind of scary picture of me staring at you, in the upper 136 00:09:20,655 --> 00:09:24,172 left-hand corner. And then the slides would flip over here. 137 00:09:24,172 --> 00:09:28,934 And it all ran over a 14-4 modem in 1996. And I built this software, it's called 138 00:09:28,934 --> 00:09:31,562 Sync-o-matic. It doesn't even work anymore. 139 00:09:31,562 --> 00:09:35,389 But, but it allowed me in 1996 to teach an entire class online. 140 00:09:35,389 --> 00:09:39,396 And so I've been fascinated doing this for a long time. 141 00:09:39,396 --> 00:09:44,494 And, and I also in 1999, I switched jobs from Michigan State University to the 142 00:09:44,494 --> 00:09:48,797 University of Michigan. And I rewrote my software using Quicktime 143 00:09:48,797 --> 00:09:53,889 on Apple, and that was called Clip Board 2000, It was actually a pretty bold piece 144 00:09:53,889 --> 00:09:56,554 of software. It had video by then. 145 00:09:56,554 --> 00:10:01,928 Would record it, we could scribble on the slides, I mean we're doing this right now. 146 00:10:01,928 --> 00:10:05,235 But this was 1999, which is nearly 15 years ago now. 147 00:10:05,235 --> 00:10:09,373 I tried to give it to Apple. Have 'em make it part of their operating 148 00:10:09,373 --> 00:10:12,204 system. But nobody really thought that you know, 149 00:10:12,204 --> 00:10:15,557 online teaching and learning, what, what the heck is that. 150 00:10:15,557 --> 00:10:18,797 So it sort of didn't. So I, I've been doing this for a long 151 00:10:18,797 --> 00:10:21,135 time. And so we start out, I mean I was on a 152 00:10:21,135 --> 00:10:25,184 television program in the 90s. I built this software to do teaching and 153 00:10:25,184 --> 00:10:28,344 learning. More software to do teaching and learning. 154 00:10:28,345 --> 00:10:32,732 I stepped out and did the, open source learning management system called Sakai 155 00:10:32,732 --> 00:10:36,954 that some of you may have used. I worked on standards for interoperability 156 00:10:36,955 --> 00:10:41,342 particularly a standard called IMS Learning Tools and Interoperability that 157 00:10:41,342 --> 00:10:44,316 should be coming soon to the learning system near you. 158 00:10:44,316 --> 00:10:48,099 And then, here we are, right? We are in Cuorsera at the end of all this 159 00:10:48,099 --> 00:10:50,671 stuff. And so for me, this is wonderful right? 160 00:10:50,671 --> 00:10:55,150 This is really been something that I've been wishing that I could do my whole 161 00:10:55,150 --> 00:10:58,887 life, is teach online. And I've been building and making fiddling 162 00:10:58,887 --> 00:11:02,721 around, doing all kinds of things, just to get so I could teach online. 163 00:11:02,721 --> 00:11:05,814 So I'm honored that you're sharing this class with me. 164 00:11:05,815 --> 00:11:09,945 I'm a pretty OpenWeb 2.0 guy. I kind of treat my whole life like a 165 00:11:09,945 --> 00:11:15,335 reality show through some combination of Twitter and YouTube and you can see, see, 166 00:11:15,335 --> 00:11:20,613 silly videos of me doing various things. I wrote, I'm just so arrogant that I wrote 167 00:11:20,613 --> 00:11:25,863 a autobiography of myself, at, at my young age, called Sakai Free is Freedom, and 168 00:11:25,863 --> 00:11:30,963 that, that was me fooling around on the Sakai Project and it was very emotional 169 00:11:30,963 --> 00:11:35,082 and very awesome and very innovative and so I just wrote it down. 170 00:11:35,082 --> 00:11:38,120 Nobody buys the book and you don't have to buy the book either. 171 00:11:38,120 --> 00:11:41,338 I figure it's for history. Somebody later will buy it and wow, I'm 172 00:11:41,338 --> 00:11:45,285 glad this guy wrote all this stuff down. You can see the stuff of me on YouTube, 173 00:11:45,285 --> 00:11:47,545 silly stuff of me. You can see my world travel. 174 00:11:47,545 --> 00:11:50,878 And I'm a big fan of Karaoke and there's some of my friends karaokeing. 175 00:11:50,878 --> 00:11:53,953 I've never take pictures of myself karaokeing, I just picked. 176 00:11:53,953 --> 00:11:58,030 Take pictures of everyone else. And so the last thing I'll leave you with 177 00:11:58,030 --> 00:12:02,188 is the iPad steering wheel mount and like raise your hand if you've seen this 178 00:12:02,188 --> 00:12:04,761 before. This is my own attempt at viral video. 179 00:12:04,761 --> 00:12:09,189 I did it as part of a class I was teaching on how to make viral videos, and it turned 180 00:12:09,189 --> 00:12:13,057 out to be moderately viral. Interestingly I've made more money off of 181 00:12:13,057 --> 00:12:16,012 this viral video. Than I have off of my book. 182 00:12:16,012 --> 00:12:21,073 So that just gives you a sense of how things are valued in the modern times. 183 00:12:21,073 --> 00:12:24,865 And so, I'll stop there and welcome you to the course. 184 00:12:24,865 --> 00:12:29,668 Coming up next we're going to have a lecture that sort of talks about the 185 00:12:29,668 --> 00:12:33,567 grading and other things like that. So, see you in a bit.