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MICHELLE FARRELL: Hello, everyone, I'm Michele
Farrell.

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We're here in this half hour period to talk
about celebrating the Americans with Disabilities

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Act.

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This year is the 25th anniversary of ADA.

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And libraries have been providing services
for a long time to that clientele and I thought

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it was a good idea, if IMLS did that.

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For those of you who are here in the back
of the room, one of our national medal winners,

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the Braille Institute has set up a display
of assistive technologies that they make available

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to people in the community that need it.

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And what we're going to do now is just do
an interview with one of our colleagues and

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grantees, but first I'd like to give you an
idea why we think this is important.

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Right now, we estimate there's 43 million
people with disabilities.

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Now, here's something to think about.

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In this day and age of big data, we only have
estimates on the number of people with disabilities.

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Rather interesting, but here's another fact.

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In the next 15 years, by 2030, there's going
to be 75 million people over 65 and they estimate

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that almost 40, I've got the number here wrong,
about half of those people are going to be

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people with disabilities and need assistance.

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So, if you're talking about planning an assessment,
we talked about it earlier, it's definitely

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something to look at and plan for in your
communities.

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And today, I have Dr. Lisa Wadors Verne here
to have a conversation about this.

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She's the program manager for education research
and partnership at Benetech Labs.

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It's global literacy services includes book
share and diagram.

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She's also one of our grantees.

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She's the project lead on a project called
3D Printing, New Educational Opportunities

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for Students with Print Disabilities.

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She's also a project lead on a private grant
that supports parents for children with learning

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differences.

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She's a doctorate in Special Education and
policy from the University of California at

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Berkeley and San Francisco State University.

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It's a joint doctoral program with a focus
on teacher's beliefs about including children

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with special needs in typicallydeveloping
classrooms.

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She has 15 years of research in the educational
area, with particular expertise in Special

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Education policy and law, inclusion and family.

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And schooled collaboration.

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She's currently interested in the use of technology
in classrooms for meaningful inclusion.

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In addition to her position at Benetech, I
don't know when this woman sleeps, she's a

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guest lecturer, adjunct faculty member and
student supervisor at San Francisco State

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University.

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She holds a BS in business administration
and marketing and an MA in Early Childhood

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Special Education from Santa Clara university.

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So welcome.

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>> Thank you for having me.

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>> The actual date is July 26th, but our hope
is that people will celebrate it throughout

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the year.

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This year, with it marking the 25th anniversary:
You talk broadly about the scope of ADA?

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What it covers and where we are now?

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>> Sure, so the Americans with Disabilities
Act is a Civil Rights law.

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It prohibits distribution based on disability.

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It includes physical and mental disabilities.

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And it's similar to the premeditations from
the 1964 Civil Rights laws.

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And although the law was enacted in 1990,
we started thinking about disability rights

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way before that.

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Okay, in the early 70s, so not that early,
but...you know, so most of our lifetime, people

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with disabilities weren't protected or didn't
have the same rights and protections that

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all other citizens in the United States had.

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And the first version was introduced to the
House and Senate in 1988, but wasn't passed

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until 1990.

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Recently retired Senator Harkin wrote the
final version for the 1990 pass and approval.

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When he delivered his speech to the House
to talk about why this was important and why

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we needed to vote on rights for people with
disabilities, he actually presented most of

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the presentation in sign language so that
his brother could hear as well.

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One of the big differences though, between
the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and ADA of 1990,

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is that we look at accommodations and what
employers need to provide to their employees,

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but also, what accessibility requirements
are required on public entities and public

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accommodations.

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So, as librarians and libraries, what are
the things that we need to think about that

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need to be available?

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And what accommodations do we need to make
to support people with disability in your

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institutions?

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When we talk about accommodations, we're talking
about reasonable accommodations.

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That could be special equipment, it could
be different times to schedule meetings, it

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could also be how we communicate information
to people.

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What I found when I was doing some research
on ADA and what I thought was a pretty interesting

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statement was when we look at accommodations
for people with disabilities, about 57% of

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those accommodations are free.

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Little things we can do to, to make you know,
access to the information just a little easier.

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So we're not looking at things that are going
to cost hundreds and millions, thousands of

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dollars, we're looking at things that could
be minor changes that could be free.

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We are you know, employers are not required
to provide accommodations that are significantly

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difficult or expensive, either.

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But we need to think about what are the things,
again, that we can do.

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Public entities must comply with these and
these regulations cover access to all the

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programs and services that public entities
provide or that they provide out to the people.

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>> Well, I, when I think back to, as part
of my grant monitoring, I go to many libraries

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and noticed that people develop websites and
they list that they provide services to people

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who need assistive devices, but broadly speaking,
do you see any other progress and examples

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of progress that you see in the field or changes
broadly speaking in services to this community?

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>> Sure, well the biggest thing is that it's
no longer a charitable act to provide accommodations

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for someone with a disability.

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It is the law.

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When we talk about websites specifically,
oftentimes information for people with disabilities

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is way down on the bottom or hitting on a
few different pages.

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Bringing some of that information to the forefront
is really important, but also how the website

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is designed to work with accommodations, to
work with screen readers, for people with

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visual impairments or learning disabilities,
it's important to figure out how we communicate

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this information.

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So...anything, any structure that's, that
has been built since 1992 is required to be

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ADAcompliant.

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And anything else built before 1992, people
have to work to get rid of the barriers that

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would prohibit someone from accessing information
or access into a building.

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Some of those things are like ramps, elevators,
library stacks have to be certain dimensions,

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but to answer your question, although we've
made progress in 25 years, there's more work

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that needs to be done in the next 25 years.

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One thing is ADA is not education law, it's
a Civil Rights law.

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Schools very much, if you look at the structure
of schools, are very segregated by having

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kids in Special Ed in their own programming.

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We need to focus more on people's abilities
and less on their disability and how we can

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support them to be successful.

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One of the things I hear too, how do we talk
to someone with a disability?

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How do we address someone with a disability?

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It's personfirst language.

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When you think about a person with a disability.

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They are a person, and not their disability.

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There are some exceptions, but for the majority,
you know, personfirst language, thinking about

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a person with a disability.

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A person who is blind.

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A person with a learning difference.

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They are definitely a person first and a disability
second.

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>> Well, it's interesting, when I was looking
up some information, and I read that, 13 million

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people use assistive devices, I keep thinking,
that'd be about 1/4 of my friends and there's

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me rising the volume on my SmartPhone and
widening the screen to see a picture and just

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facing reality there.

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That's why I know so well, things that you
never think is coming is actually coming to

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a library near you.

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And what I enjoy discussing with Lisa, as
we talked earlier, is talking outside our

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field and talking to partners, Special Ed
teachers, any other service organizations

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for the blind and 
the deaf, et cetera.

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Even if you're a small library somewhere,
as well as professional associations.

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How do you think we could be more inclusive
in terms 

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of technology?

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>> Some of the accommodations and things that
have been built into technology products,

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many of you use on a regular basis.

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How many of you listen to books at all?

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Or maybe use your iPhone?

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Or your cell phones?

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How many use the magnifying feature on your
cell phone?

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>> All the time.

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>> Right?

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These are things that companies are now putting
into place that are not just for people with

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disability, but for all people.

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And I think that's something to think about.

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When we think about technology and think about
the things we need to change and want to improve,

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you know, while, while having someone with
a disability in mind is important, there are

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so many other people in the world that could
benefit from some of the upgrades and technological

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enhancements that many of us use.

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I had to explain to my husband how he can
make things bigger.

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He doesn't have a disability, he's just old.

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As I am too, I'll be fair.

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So, but many of you are already doing some
of these things.

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As I talked about putting in ramps into buildings,
have computer desks that are accessible for

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someone in a wheelchair.

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We see that, we see a lot of this happening.

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While not Americans with Disabilities Act,
[indiscernible] ensures that electronic information

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and technology, that we buy, that we develop
or maintain, must be accessible.

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And so, one of the things I wanted to talk
to you about today and one of the things we

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can think about doing is buying things that
are accessible.

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How many of you have digital books or use
digital books for people you work with?

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I see head shaking, right?

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Are all those digital books accessible?

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Ooh...head shaking stopped.

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I'm thinking there's some questions.

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The answer is no.

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We're working with a number of publishers
on an initiative where things are called accessible.

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We want it created in an accessible format
to start.

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It's about 800 times more expensive to convert
digital file back into an accessible digital

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file.

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If you can create those things in advance,
then we won't have to do any retrofitting.

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And then buying accessible.

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So understanding what products are accessible
to begin with.

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And I'm not going to go through it today,
but I have a chart that I'm more than willing

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to share if no one's interested.

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The text is available in a logical reading
order.

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Also, that tables and headers have captions.

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For persons with visual impairments or people
who may not be able to actually read the text

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on a page, oftentimes images are inaccessible.

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When we think about things like math and science,
everything's embedded in those images.

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Screen readers aren't even reading them.

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We want to make sure we're purchasing things
that have, that have you know, descriptions,

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image descriptions.

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And as you mentioned, diagram is one of our
initiatives that we work on.

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The diagram center, which is about accessible
images, has a product called Poet.

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This is something more for publishers, we
do a lot of work with publishers to actually

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put in descriptions of the images you see.

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Long descriptions, now the funny little T
that starts the the in the first sentence,

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that doesn't need an image description, but
when we think about a complex image of the

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water cycle, we can have someone talk about
and describe what is going on in that picture,

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gives access to the people reading the books
or accessing the books in various ways.

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>> It is interesting, I recently went to hackathon
sponsored by the Department of Commerce.

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It was specifically designed for hackers to
work with people who have disabilities to

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bring those communities together to try to
design new equipment, devices and software.

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So...I mean, everybody's thinking about this,
it's, you know, it's not a segmented kind

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of thing, it's broad.

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And speaking about that, are there other issues
in terms of accessibilitywise that other sectors

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are changing or making that we can learn from?

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>> Well, I think the example of your iPhone,
many of you have one, I saw all the heads

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nodding.

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It shows an example that it's someone who
is out of education and out of the book publishing,

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although they have their own section of that
too who are doing work to think about how

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do we put accessible functionality into things
that we're using?

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You know, we're, we're at a really great and
crucial moment here, waive perfect storm of

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conditions, we have a great need, as you pointed
out there, are quite a few million people

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with disabilities.

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We have a great opportunity, technology is
changing things so fast that oftentimes, you

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know, I get up to speak and something's changed
and I have to revamp real quick.

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There's an explosion for funding for new technologies.

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So bringing all of these things together,
it's time to now create the social tipping

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point that content creation and making things
that are accessible happen now, rather than

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like I said, in retrospect.

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So, I did already mention that we're working
with publishers quite a bit, through our Born

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Accessible Initiative, but there are things
that people are working on.

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I'll talk about projects we have right now.

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As you mentioned, book share, book share's
an online digital platform of accessible materials.

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For students in K12, postsecondary, degreeearning
positions from a grant from the department

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of Special Education programming, we're able
to offer that free.

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If you think about someone who has trouble
reading, think about reading a traditional

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book, you have to hold the book, you have
to be able to turn the page, see the words

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and decode the words.

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If at some point that is not happening, that
person is not accessing the material in the

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book.

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So book share provides opportunities to have
accessible digital material for them at their

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disposal.

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As you mentioned also, we're working on a
grant on 3D printing for education.

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We know people learn things in many different
ways.

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How many have 3D printers?

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We're looking at that right now.

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In two weeks, we're pulling together a national
consortium of people for a forum, educators,

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libraries, museums, end users and technologists
to talk about the implications for 3D printing

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in the classroom, to figure out who should
be printing, and why and for whom? Someone

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with a visual impairment may learn differently
than some with a learning disability.

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We have to have different ways to convey that
information to them.

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We have to build a pedagogy around different
objects.

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We see libraries as being one of those places
where they could be a great asset in this

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field.

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Because, as you, as some of you had already
indicated, you're thinking about this already,

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but how do we connect you to the right people?

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How do teachers know what you have or what
they can get from you?

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We'll have a report later this year that will
sum up our findings two weeks from now.

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If anybody is interested in learning about
that faster or sooner, my information is on

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the contact sheet.

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I also mentioned Poet, the image description
tool that we're working with.

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We're also working on something called Math
ML Cloud.

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People aren't able to access the formulas
that they need to be successful and to go

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on.

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Math ML Cloud.

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You know, and a dream of mine in looking towards
the future, far down the road, how great would

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it be to have all those things I just mentioned
in a book?

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So that someone who has a digital version
of that book can click on the math equation

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that we'll read to them in a format that works.

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Or someone can click on, I want to order this
object from wherever or I want to print this

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object.

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There's tons of work being done and it's only
going to grow.

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>> There are libraries doing it.

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As I mentioned earlier, when I do my site
visits to monitor what's going on, a grant

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to one of the state libraries, I go on the
road and see some of the libraries and safe

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harbor in Florida, does a great job of working
with people who are deaf and I went there

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and saw book talks, et cetera, and sign language,
Spanish and English and working with different

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communities.

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I was really amazed by the work that was being
done in Colorado.

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A technology fellow was very willing to work
with the public library to develop robots,

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that's his goal, but to work with children
who have autism or on the spectrum and you

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know, this is out there.

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There are people willing to work with libraries,
so...for those of you who are listening in

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on the streaming, please tell us what you're
doing to celebrate ADA and how you're involved

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in providing services and I think now we'll
take some questions if anybody has any?

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Whether you're online?

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Whoo!

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Got a few.

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Great.

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>> Exciting.

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>> Hello, I'm Steve Reader from Portland,
Oregon.

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I have a question for the panelists or possibly
for the library community in this room or

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listening in online.

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That is, I want to try to connect a couple
dots that Lisa mentioned.

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One dot being we should buy accessible you
know, books.

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Sounds like a great idea.

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And the other thing she said was students
in, she has funding for students in K12 who

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need accessible books, you know, to get them
for no cost.

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My question is, are libraries buying accessible
books to make available to adults with disabilities

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who knees these products?

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Is that happening fast enough?

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Do we need to think about ways of doing that?

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I don't know the answer to that, but I think
people listening may.

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>> I think that's a good question.

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I think what your question brings up is how
much more we need to share what we're doing

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with the community.

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I'm very pleased with this focused meetings,
we get to give grants out.

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We go to ALA and talk about work we're doing.

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Her grant on 3D printing and students who
have needs and need assistive devices, et

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cetera.

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But I don't think we really are thinking about,
we have some sections of our professional

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associations that specifically pull together
information.

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But we need to do a lot more of that sharing
to understand, yeah, we're doing it, because

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I'll tell you, I wouldn't know it unless I
went on the road and saw in many cases.

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We keep our lights under a barrel, especially
for this kind of thing.

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We spend a lot of money providing, talking
book services, and it's a wellkept secret.

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While I'm on that topic, the National Library
Service is doing a PR thing about their service,

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so contact them as well, because, they will
have materials or at least give you a lot

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more information if you want to put things
forward to those listening in and also the

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ADA network has a toolkit to help you celebrate
the ADA anniversary and I think it's a good

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time for people to evaluate what they're doing.

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So, I don't have an answer, but you bring
up a good question about what can we do to

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find out more about what is going on in our
field.

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Can we take another question.

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>> Real quick, if you don't mind, one other
thing is partnerships.

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There are a number of organizations like IMLS,
book share, that have services, establishing

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partnerships and getting partnerships together
could be something we need to explore.

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How do we support the libraries that you know,
may, you know, may not be doing the retrofitting

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themselves, but working with someone who is
retrofitting things.

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>> Hi, I'm Julie Walker, the state librarian
in Georgia.

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I wanted to comment quickly on something we've
done in Georgia and Lisa said earlier, these

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services shouldn't be hidden.

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What we realized, we had some very invested
libraries who served as our subregionals who

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were doing great work and the rest of our
libraries felt like they're handling it, it's

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fine, we decided we wanted every library in
the state of Georgia to be providing accessible

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services, so we just held our first accessible
services boot camp in Georgia where we used

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some of our federal money to put on a statewide,
three to fourday boot camp where representatives

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from every library in the state came and learned
all the vast amount of information that they

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needed to betterserve our patrons with disabilities
of all kinds.

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And it was tremendously successful and so
eyeopening for some of these libraries that

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felt like they could leave that to someone
else, now we realized it's everyone's responsibility

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and it's everyone's task to serve these patrons
and to serve them well and to make sure they

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get to the services they need.

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So that's something that we really feel like
our federal money was wellspent to spread

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that word in Georgia.

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>> Thank you.

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>> I just wanted to, James [indiscernible],
the Association of Specialized Cooperative

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Libraries did a training in Honolulu, that
were amazed by it.

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I'd highly recommend taking a look at those
materials 

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as well.