1
00:00:00.025 --> 00:00:04.851
Hi, welcome back.
We're out of the studio right now, on the

2
00:00:04.851 --> 00:00:10.138
campus Telluride University and this is
the building I work in.

3
00:00:10.138 --> 00:00:16.637
Let's go inside see how we're growing our
plants and talk a little bit about the

4
00:00:16.637 --> 00:00:21.288
real research that we're doing in the lab.
Come on in.

5
00:00:21.288 --> 00:00:28.324
Okay,

6
00:00:28.324 --> 00:00:31.846
so

7
00:00:31.846 --> 00:00:37.130
now

8
00:00:37.130 --> 00:00:42.250
we're in the Manna Center for Plant Bio
Sciences

9
00:00:42.250 --> 00:00:46.610
This is the area in our department where
we grow all of our plants under

10
00:00:46.610 --> 00:00:47.840
various conditions.

11
00:00:47.840 --> 00:00:50.410
All of these rooms have literally hundreds
of

12
00:00:50.410 --> 00:00:53.340
different types of plants growing under
various conditions.

13
00:00:53.340 --> 00:00:56.005
Let's take a look and see how we grow the
Arabadopsis.

14
00:00:56.005 --> 00:00:57.990
So what we have here actually, are two
different rooms.

15
00:00:57.990 --> 00:00:59.880
And we'll see them in one second.

16
00:00:59.880 --> 00:01:01.440
In this room, the plants are growing under

17
00:01:01.440 --> 00:01:04.860
a long day condition so that they'll
flower quickly.

18
00:01:04.860 --> 00:01:06.884
And in this room, they're growing under a
short day

19
00:01:06.884 --> 00:01:09.250
condition, so that they'll take a longer
time to flower.

20
00:01:09.250 --> 00:01:11.707
You remember this from the second lecture

21
00:01:11.707 --> 00:01:15.930
we were talking about how the length of
that can affect how a plant flowers.

22
00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:21.530
So in this room what we have is literally
hundreds of arabidopsis plants growing.

23
00:01:21.530 --> 00:01:24.970
These for example, are about six-seven
weeks old.

24
00:01:24.970 --> 00:01:27.360
they've been grown under a short-day
condition, which is

25
00:01:27.360 --> 00:01:29.280
why they have so many leaves growing on
them.

26
00:01:29.280 --> 00:01:30.660
In a second we'll go in another room, and
see

27
00:01:30.660 --> 00:01:34.430
what they look like under long-day
conditions, where they flower faster.

28
00:01:34.430 --> 00:01:36.820
And under these controlled conditions we
get very

29
00:01:36.820 --> 00:01:38.140
reproducible results.

30
00:01:38.140 --> 00:01:40.150
What's great about these rooms is that we
don't

31
00:01:40.150 --> 00:01:42.150
have to do anything to take care of the
plants.

32
00:01:42.150 --> 00:01:45.670
These are automatically watered,
automatically fertilized.

33
00:01:45.670 --> 00:01:47.060
and we can just check on them once every
few

34
00:01:47.060 --> 00:01:49.380
days to make sure they're growing and then
come back

35
00:01:49.380 --> 00:01:51.620
and take the plants to our lab to do the

36
00:01:51.620 --> 00:01:54.780
various genetic or molecular work that we
do on them.

37
00:01:54.780 --> 00:01:59.690
So these rooms are great for propagating
hundreds of different Arabidopsis strains.

38
00:01:59.690 --> 00:02:01.900
for growing them to seeds and for certain

39
00:02:01.900 --> 00:02:03.790
biochemical studies.

40
00:02:03.790 --> 00:02:07.350
But for exact environmental conditions
that simulate changes in

41
00:02:07.350 --> 00:02:10.780
the environment, we use these very
advanced growth chambers.

42
00:02:12.070 --> 00:02:15.190
and these growth chambers can be
programmed to plus

43
00:02:15.190 --> 00:02:18.140
or minus one half of a degree, and we

44
00:02:18.140 --> 00:02:21.210
can change the amount of humidity, and we
can

45
00:02:21.210 --> 00:02:23.900
actually even change the color of lights
within it.

46
00:02:23.900 --> 00:02:28.560
So, as you can see here in this chamber,
these are some adult Arabidopsis.

47
00:02:28.560 --> 00:02:29.940
These are very close to flowering.

48
00:02:31.010 --> 00:02:34.270
and these are being grown under increasing
temperatures, so that

49
00:02:34.270 --> 00:02:37.440
we could see what would happen, for
example, under global warming.

50
00:02:40.100 --> 00:02:42.500
Now I want to show you one of my favorite
toys.

51
00:02:42.500 --> 00:02:45.000
As you remember, we learned in the second
lecture about how

52
00:02:45.000 --> 00:02:48.930
plants grow under different colors of
light, different qualities of light.

53
00:02:48.930 --> 00:02:52.440
Now how can we do such experiments with
white light all around us.

54
00:02:53.450 --> 00:02:56.130
Well the way we carry out these
experiments is we do them in

55
00:02:56.130 --> 00:02:59.800
a dark room and there we have the regular,
the different colors of light.

56
00:02:59.800 --> 00:03:00.515
So come on in with me.

57
00:03:00.515 --> 00:03:01.230
[SOUND]

58
00:03:01.230 --> 00:03:06.092
All right, so what we have here, in this

59
00:03:06.092 --> 00:03:11.526
special chamber are lights of different

60
00:03:11.526 --> 00:03:16.388
wave lengths, LEDs, and here we can see

61
00:03:16.388 --> 00:03:21.679
one Arabidopsis plant that's been growing

62
00:03:21.679 --> 00:03:26.450
under far red light.
And these are LEDs that are very

63
00:03:26.450 --> 00:03:29.630
high intensity, but it's about 720
nanometers.

64
00:03:29.630 --> 00:03:31.100
That's why you don't see it so bright
because

65
00:03:31.100 --> 00:03:33.660
it's sort of at the end of our visual
spectrum.

66
00:03:33.660 --> 00:03:36.410
But with one push of a light, a button, I

67
00:03:36.410 --> 00:03:38.140
can turn that now into turning on the blue
lights.

68
00:03:38.140 --> 00:03:39.950
And now we can see what would be the

69
00:03:39.950 --> 00:03:41.950
difference, how this plant would respond
to blue light.

70
00:03:44.360 --> 00:03:47.420
or, so here, there's very high blue light,
high-intensity blue

71
00:03:49.630 --> 00:03:49.990
light.

72
00:03:49.990 --> 00:03:52.820
Or if we want, we could turn on red
lights.

73
00:03:52.820 --> 00:03:55.420
And now, actually, you can see when the
red lights are on, the far

74
00:03:55.420 --> 00:03:57.100
red lights look like they're off
completely,

75
00:03:57.100 --> 00:03:58.740
so we can't even see the difference.

76
00:03:58.740 --> 00:04:02.620
So by changing how the red lights are on,
and how the

77
00:04:02.620 --> 00:04:05.620
far red lights are on, I can actually
determine whether it's in the

78
00:04:05.620 --> 00:04:09.750
shade, whether it's high-intensity light,
whether it's in the morning, or whether

79
00:04:09.750 --> 00:04:13.170
it's just in the normal spectrum of red,
blue, and far red together.