The article 'The Human Disease Network' examines genes tied to diseases. These can be divided into essential genes (without them the organism cannot survive) and non-essential genes (mutations in these genes can still produce viable organisms). What kinds of proteins are non-essential genes more likely to encode?

Continuing with the 'The Human Disease Network', answer the following. The high degree of connectivity between different types of cancer in the HDN (human disease network) occurs because

Using a NetLogo model of a small social network, examine the size of the giant component under 3 kinds of attack: removing the highest degree nodes, highest betweenness nodes, and highest closeness nodes. In each case, remove 25 nodes. Which approach has the greatest effect on the network connectivity?

Read the "Connectivity and Stability" section of Rethinking the financial network (and feel free to read the rest of the paper as well!). Which of the following explains the "robust-yet-fragile" property of connected networks?

Skim Stability of Ecological Communities and the Architecture of Mutualistic and Trophic Networks. Mutualistic networks in ecology are ones where the edges represent a mutually beneficial interaction between species, e.g. a flowering plant and its pollinator. In trophic networks, edges represent predator-prey relationships between the species. The observed ecosystems have developed to be resilient to perturbations (e.g. one species declining or going extinct). Which of the following is true?