1 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:09,820 Hi, welcome to the second lesson on this final project, 2 00:00:09,820 --> 00:00:12,135 which is a complex systems project, 3 00:00:12,135 --> 00:00:15,405 where we're actually using a grid data structure in 4 00:00:15,405 --> 00:00:19,005 an object-oriented style as 5 00:00:19,005 --> 00:00:22,620 well as Langton's ants walking on top of it. 6 00:00:22,620 --> 00:00:27,480 Some interesting ideas here for the final project. 7 00:00:27,480 --> 00:00:29,280 Let's just continue working on 8 00:00:29,280 --> 00:00:32,135 the script that we started from last session. 9 00:00:32,135 --> 00:00:35,150 Here we are. Let's just remind ourselves we 10 00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:38,430 have a grid class. 11 00:00:38,430 --> 00:00:40,260 As you can see here, 12 00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:41,900 this grid class takes 13 00:00:41,900 --> 00:00:44,460 the arguments of columns and rows and the size of 14 00:00:44,460 --> 00:00:47,680 the screen to basically distribute 15 00:00:47,680 --> 00:00:49,700 the appropriate number of cells and that 16 00:00:49,700 --> 00:00:51,580 distributes the entirety of that screen. 17 00:00:51,580 --> 00:00:53,940 We want to have a class that would cover 18 00:00:53,940 --> 00:00:57,205 the entirety of the screen and is able to hold some data. 19 00:00:57,205 --> 00:01:00,020 We're not using this variable yet, the data variable. 20 00:01:00,020 --> 00:01:02,000 As you can see, we can actually draw 21 00:01:02,000 --> 00:01:06,840 the grid completely without any data. 22 00:01:06,840 --> 00:01:10,530 Let's just create some functions 23 00:01:10,530 --> 00:01:14,830 to store some data first and then display that data. 24 00:01:14,830 --> 00:01:19,320 We're going to see later in future videos 25 00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:21,790 how a new entity will be able to 26 00:01:21,790 --> 00:01:24,805 manipulate or use that data for their own behavior. 27 00:01:24,805 --> 00:01:27,890 Let's just start by creating a function here 28 00:01:27,890 --> 00:01:31,890 in the data in the grid data class. 29 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:36,400 It's going to be the definition of init data. 30 00:01:38,450 --> 00:01:40,910 This function, we want to run 31 00:01:40,910 --> 00:01:43,320 only at the very beginning of the script. 32 00:01:43,320 --> 00:01:45,150 We need to do it only once, 33 00:01:45,150 --> 00:01:47,340 and this will be a way of 34 00:01:47,340 --> 00:01:50,430 potentially randomizing or deciding that 35 00:01:50,430 --> 00:01:53,445 some entities in the grid 36 00:01:53,445 --> 00:01:54,870 actually have one kind of 37 00:01:54,870 --> 00:01:56,410 data versus a different kind of data. 38 00:01:56,410 --> 00:01:59,190 We're only going to work with a Boolean data or 39 00:01:59,190 --> 00:02:02,745 a zero and one number, 40 00:02:02,745 --> 00:02:04,430 and that should be enough for 41 00:02:04,430 --> 00:02:08,185 our algorithm to really be able to take some decisions. 42 00:02:08,185 --> 00:02:09,980 We're going to write a for loop. 43 00:02:09,980 --> 00:02:12,425 We're going to actually copy paste the for loop. 44 00:02:12,425 --> 00:02:15,855 I really like copy pasting parts of my code. 45 00:02:15,855 --> 00:02:20,670 If you want to do that, this is what you would do. 46 00:02:20,670 --> 00:02:24,460 We want to do nested for loop once more. 47 00:02:24,890 --> 00:02:28,650 Within a loop, for i in range for 48 00:02:28,650 --> 00:02:31,920 columns and for j in range for the number of rows. 49 00:02:31,920 --> 00:02:36,030 Here, we are going to use the random function. 50 00:02:36,030 --> 00:02:42,255 I don't think we have imported random in this script. 51 00:02:42,255 --> 00:02:43,790 Remember that in this case, 52 00:02:43,790 --> 00:02:47,270 Python classes operate a separate file. 53 00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:49,990 This particular class, 54 00:02:49,990 --> 00:02:52,170 if it's going to make use of the random module, 55 00:02:52,170 --> 00:02:57,855 we want to make that available to this particular script. 56 00:02:57,855 --> 00:03:04,890 The number, this 57 00:03:04,890 --> 00:03:07,815 is a variable that's going to be an integer. 58 00:03:07,815 --> 00:03:11,290 We could say it's going to be 59 00:03:11,930 --> 00:03:17,460 random.randint zero and one. 60 00:03:17,460 --> 00:03:20,740 It's a random integer between zero and one. 61 00:03:21,230 --> 00:03:31,080 At this point, we could do self.data.append the number. 62 00:03:31,080 --> 00:03:32,760 What are we doing here? This is 63 00:03:32,760 --> 00:03:34,620 the first time we are actually using 64 00:03:34,620 --> 00:03:39,405 this list that we stored. 65 00:03:39,405 --> 00:03:43,910 Within this list, we're going to store a bit of data, 66 00:03:43,910 --> 00:03:46,260 either a zero or a one, 67 00:03:47,180 --> 00:03:49,530 based on this random function. 68 00:03:49,530 --> 00:03:52,050 We are initiating this data. 69 00:03:52,050 --> 00:03:55,550 We are going to call this function only once, 70 00:03:55,550 --> 00:04:00,490 make it that we calculate the randomization of the data, 71 00:04:00,490 --> 00:04:02,825 and then we're going to be able to display it. 72 00:04:02,825 --> 00:04:05,790 At this point, we want to check 73 00:04:05,790 --> 00:04:08,590 if this function is running. 74 00:04:08,590 --> 00:04:14,015 We are going to call this function init_data, 75 00:04:14,015 --> 00:04:15,950 but we need to call it from within the grid. 76 00:04:15,950 --> 00:04:17,210 We're going to call this function 77 00:04:17,210 --> 00:04:20,730 separately because the run function, 78 00:04:20,730 --> 00:04:26,290 we are ultimately run it every frame in the draw loop. 79 00:04:26,290 --> 00:04:28,370 But for now, we are going to call 80 00:04:28,370 --> 00:04:30,600 the initialized data and 81 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:33,295 then the execution of the display. 82 00:04:33,295 --> 00:04:36,205 Let's see if we have any errors at this point. 83 00:04:36,205 --> 00:04:38,210 I don't think we have errors, 84 00:04:38,210 --> 00:04:42,010 but we cannot see the data. 85 00:04:42,010 --> 00:04:43,650 The data is just some zero and 86 00:04:43,650 --> 00:04:46,750 one store within this list. 87 00:04:46,750 --> 00:04:48,770 If we want to render that [inaudible], 88 00:04:48,770 --> 00:04:50,910 we would actually have to 89 00:04:50,910 --> 00:04:54,220 associate that data or establish some relationship 90 00:04:54,220 --> 00:04:59,930 between the display and the data that we generated. 91 00:04:59,930 --> 00:05:03,290 This is why we actually created the data in 92 00:05:03,290 --> 00:05:06,310 the same fashion that 93 00:05:06,310 --> 00:05:10,530 the grid because if we actually do it this way, 94 00:05:10,530 --> 00:05:14,530 we will know that we have exactly the exact number of 95 00:05:14,530 --> 00:05:20,340 data points as we have grid rectangles or grid cells. 96 00:05:20,340 --> 00:05:23,740 This is going to be useful because we could actually now 97 00:05:23,740 --> 00:05:26,020 equate each one of 98 00:05:26,020 --> 00:05:29,850 these entities of data to one of the cells in the grid. 99 00:05:29,850 --> 00:05:32,660 Let's just do that. Let's just improve 100 00:05:32,660 --> 00:05:36,200 our display function so that it would display. 101 00:05:36,200 --> 00:05:38,380 If an entity has a value of zero, 102 00:05:38,380 --> 00:05:39,860 we're going to paint it black. 103 00:05:39,860 --> 00:05:43,545 If it has a value of one, we're going to paint it white. 104 00:05:43,545 --> 00:05:45,880 In order to do so, 105 00:05:45,880 --> 00:05:50,300 we would need to know if I would give or 106 00:05:50,300 --> 00:05:52,800 request the value of 107 00:05:52,800 --> 00:05:55,720 a particular entry point and the data, 108 00:05:55,720 --> 00:05:58,080 I would need to do some calculation. 109 00:05:58,080 --> 00:05:59,560 We're actually going to do 110 00:05:59,560 --> 00:06:02,715 a helper function that is going to help us 111 00:06:02,715 --> 00:06:06,480 calculate if we provide an x and 112 00:06:06,480 --> 00:06:07,880 a y how do we access 113 00:06:07,880 --> 00:06:10,410 the data point that is equivalent to that. 114 00:06:10,410 --> 00:06:13,870 Let's just create a function of get_data. 115 00:06:14,450 --> 00:06:20,320 We're going to do self, x, and y. 116 00:06:20,330 --> 00:06:23,550 Think of this as a way of saying, hey, 117 00:06:23,550 --> 00:06:26,490 from the grid I want the zero, zero, 118 00:06:26,490 --> 00:06:29,790 meaning the index 0 in x and y. 119 00:06:29,790 --> 00:06:33,550 But because the data is distributed as a single list, 120 00:06:33,550 --> 00:06:38,110 we are trying to convert what we would call a form of 121 00:06:38,110 --> 00:06:41,250 grid notation of columns and rows 122 00:06:41,250 --> 00:06:46,395 positions to a flat notation. 123 00:06:46,395 --> 00:06:50,230 The result of this function will be 124 00:06:50,230 --> 00:06:54,205 the index of the piece of data we're looking for. 125 00:06:54,205 --> 00:06:55,865 Here, I will write 126 00:06:55,865 --> 00:06:59,750 a small formula that I've used many times in the past, 127 00:06:59,750 --> 00:07:01,910 and it's actually really useful. 128 00:07:01,910 --> 00:07:04,520 We're going to do the absolute, first of all. 129 00:07:04,520 --> 00:07:06,170 We definitely want to make sure that we 130 00:07:06,170 --> 00:07:09,960 are working with the absolute. 131 00:07:09,970 --> 00:07:13,910 Let's just add a few parentheses here just 132 00:07:13,910 --> 00:07:15,320 because there's going to 133 00:07:15,320 --> 00:07:17,450 be a lot of different entities here, 134 00:07:17,450 --> 00:07:21,750 so y times self.rows. 135 00:07:24,640 --> 00:07:29,280 That's the first entity. 136 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:38,260 We're going to divide that by self.screen_height. 137 00:07:40,120 --> 00:07:42,680 Then this is going to be multiplied 138 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:49,280 by self.columns plus, 139 00:07:49,280 --> 00:07:53,460 and here again we're going to do parentheses. 140 00:07:54,490 --> 00:07:56,660 We're going to organize this a little 141 00:07:56,660 --> 00:07:58,280 bit once we have it written. 142 00:07:58,280 --> 00:08:00,720 Let's just do self. 143 00:08:09,630 --> 00:08:11,785 Here we go. 144 00:08:11,785 --> 00:08:15,380 I think there's [inaudible] What are we doing here? 145 00:08:15,380 --> 00:08:18,920 This function might seem quite difficult. 146 00:08:18,920 --> 00:08:21,515 If you imagine like a grid, 147 00:08:21,515 --> 00:08:23,060 you're basically trying to say, 148 00:08:23,060 --> 00:08:24,950 well, I know that 149 00:08:24,950 --> 00:08:29,105 the list of data is all spread into one single sequence, 150 00:08:29,105 --> 00:08:30,860 and we need to be able to 151 00:08:30,860 --> 00:08:35,600 calculate just given particular x and y, 0, 152 00:08:35,600 --> 00:08:39,095 0 or let's say 10 and 1, 153 00:08:39,095 --> 00:08:42,740 the second row in the 10th column. 154 00:08:42,740 --> 00:08:47,480 We need to be able to start spreading up that data. 155 00:08:47,480 --> 00:08:49,910 You do so by calculating 156 00:08:49,910 --> 00:08:55,850 how many rows have 157 00:08:55,850 --> 00:08:57,035 you gone in and multiplying 158 00:08:57,035 --> 00:08:58,805 by the number of columns and then 159 00:08:58,805 --> 00:09:01,910 adding the final bit that you're missing, 160 00:09:01,910 --> 00:09:03,560 which is the addition. 161 00:09:03,560 --> 00:09:07,635 This function will be incredibly handy to return. 162 00:09:07,635 --> 00:09:09,340 We're going to do something that I 163 00:09:09,340 --> 00:09:10,480 don't think we have done before, 164 00:09:10,480 --> 00:09:13,675 but you probably covered it in the first specialization, 165 00:09:13,675 --> 00:09:17,500 which is how functions can return a variable. 166 00:09:17,500 --> 00:09:24,140 We're going to do self.data index. 167 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:28,160 We are using this index to access 168 00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:34,700 the data within our grid. Think about the following. 169 00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:36,290 We're using the get_data function. 170 00:09:36,290 --> 00:09:37,640 We're going to give an x and y, 171 00:09:37,640 --> 00:09:39,080 let's say 5 and 5, 172 00:09:39,080 --> 00:09:40,700 and it's going to be returning us what 173 00:09:40,700 --> 00:09:43,190 is the data stored in that cell. 174 00:09:43,190 --> 00:09:46,865 This function is going to be incredibly useful. 175 00:09:46,865 --> 00:09:48,740 It's one of those functions 176 00:09:48,740 --> 00:09:50,480 that once you have it written once, 177 00:09:50,480 --> 00:09:51,800 you can copy paste it again 178 00:09:51,800 --> 00:09:54,140 and reuse it in different projects because it's 179 00:09:54,140 --> 00:09:56,480 a function that helps you convert 180 00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:59,735 the notation from an x and y, 181 00:09:59,735 --> 00:10:03,815 like two coordinate system to a singular list index. 182 00:10:03,815 --> 00:10:05,780 What are we doing with this function now? 183 00:10:05,780 --> 00:10:08,030 We actually would like to change 184 00:10:08,030 --> 00:10:11,120 the way these rectangles are displayed. 185 00:10:11,120 --> 00:10:13,910 The only thing that is missing is using this function. 186 00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:16,170 We could say if. 187 00:10:17,830 --> 00:10:22,775 Let's use our function self.get_data. 188 00:10:22,775 --> 00:10:28,490 If we check this function and we use the value 189 00:10:28,490 --> 00:10:35,555 of i times rec_size, 190 00:10:35,555 --> 00:10:40,520 which is this is the x coordinate given this coordinate, 191 00:10:40,520 --> 00:10:43,820 and given the j coordinate would be 192 00:10:43,820 --> 00:10:47,210 j times basically what we're spelling out here, 193 00:10:47,210 --> 00:10:48,560 basically the same information. 194 00:10:48,560 --> 00:10:51,410 This is the x coordinate and the y coordinate. 195 00:10:51,410 --> 00:10:57,230 Given these coordinates, if this coordinate is zero, 196 00:10:57,230 --> 00:11:01,685 meaning that the data inside that cell is zero, 197 00:11:01,685 --> 00:11:06,950 we are going to paint this rectangle black. 198 00:11:06,950 --> 00:11:12,290 Let's just make that statement saying fill is 199 00:11:12,290 --> 00:11:21,600 zero and then else fill is 255. 200 00:11:22,290 --> 00:11:27,830 Now we can actually remove this two. 201 00:11:28,110 --> 00:11:31,330 The only really difference 202 00:11:31,330 --> 00:11:36,025 between these two scenarios is that if the data is zero, 203 00:11:36,025 --> 00:11:37,750 if its else would be a one, 204 00:11:37,750 --> 00:11:40,015 we're going to paint the ones as white. 205 00:11:40,015 --> 00:11:44,065 Let's see. We have this result, 206 00:11:44,065 --> 00:11:46,030 which is, as you can see, 207 00:11:46,030 --> 00:11:48,415 the data has been randomized. 208 00:11:48,415 --> 00:11:50,965 We are using a random function to 209 00:11:50,965 --> 00:11:54,390 initially store data zero or a one inside each cell. 210 00:11:54,390 --> 00:11:55,745 It's not technically inside, 211 00:11:55,745 --> 00:11:59,765 but the class contains a list 212 00:11:59,765 --> 00:12:02,315 that we are equating and we have a way of 213 00:12:02,315 --> 00:12:05,705 retrieving the data inside each one of the cell entities. 214 00:12:05,705 --> 00:12:09,830 We're doing so with this function get_data, 215 00:12:09,830 --> 00:12:12,785 which we can provide an x and y coordinate, 216 00:12:12,785 --> 00:12:15,770 and it will tell us within the cell, 217 00:12:15,770 --> 00:12:18,770 it's in fact that's a zero or that's a one. 218 00:12:18,770 --> 00:12:21,065 We're going to leave this video here. 219 00:12:21,065 --> 00:12:24,320 We actually have the grid working as intended. 220 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:28,010 Again, I like doing this test if this data 221 00:12:28,010 --> 00:12:32,510 would in fact work for more units. 222 00:12:32,510 --> 00:12:36,270 Let's just double a little bit the number here. 223 00:12:36,520 --> 00:12:40,895 As you can see, our randomization of data 224 00:12:40,895 --> 00:12:45,845 as a class and as an object in a way are working well. 225 00:12:45,845 --> 00:12:49,440 Let's just do that 226 00:12:49,450 --> 00:12:52,430 and here we go. We're going to leave it here. 227 00:12:52,430 --> 00:12:54,320 In the next video, we're going to start seeing 228 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:57,260 how a new class, an ant class, 229 00:12:57,260 --> 00:12:58,610 can actually start operating 230 00:12:58,610 --> 00:12:59,960 on top of this grid and taking 231 00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:01,370 behaviors based on the data that we 232 00:13:01,370 --> 00:13:04,080 created. I'll see you in the next video.