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Our hymn to Apollo has a second part, and
this part of Apollo's story is centered on

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the Temple at Delphi.
Delphi, a very famous place in antiquity

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has a long and deep connection with
Apollo.

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You'll remember the previous lecture, we
were trying to make sense out of this

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rupture in the middle of our Homeric hymn
to Apollo.

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On the one hand we've got Apollo connected
with the Delos. We talk about his birth

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and coming out of Leto, and the drama that
surrounded that.

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And then, all of a sudden, we move stories
and we're centered on, moving in to the

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stories that, that centers on a Delphi.
The suggestion that was made in the

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previous lectures that we what we might,
Might have here is a single hymnist's

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attempt to bring two very different
traditions together into one hymn and that

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way please both sides of a powerful
audience.

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Those at Delos that like to think that
Apollo is especially connected with them.

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And those at Delphi they think Apollo is
especially connected with them.

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This author gives them both pride of place
and cuts out some of the parts that maybe

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would have made the transition a little
bit abrupt.

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For example you don't get a second birth
story in the Epiphian side of this tale.

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That's something that happened at Delos.
Instead we got Apollo appearing.

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He just sort of shows up.
And themes carry over from the earlier

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part of the hymn that we saw into this
second piece of the hymn.

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Apollo is frightening.
He's a very powerful god,

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And the other gods are a little concerned
about it.

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His power causes people to shake.
His grandeur is so grand that it causes

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some anxiety.
The geographical lists show up again.

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Apollo's kind of making his way around the
Mediterranean as he moves, the Greek Coast

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and farther pieces of the Mediterranean as
he moves around trying to find a spot for

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him now to.
Build a temple.

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He needs to find his place on Earth, and
those place names, just as we saw in the

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earlier hymn, are connected with specific
features of Apollo's cultic worship.

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There are temple sites at these places,
there are other, pieces of Apollo's

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background that map onto these
geographical locations.

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Each of them has a connection with Apollo,
and again, the hymnist is in a kind of

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encyclopedic attempt to get all of the
traditions around Apollo, listing them

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together, so that, it's his way of being
able to join together lots of different

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Apollo traditions into a single hymnic
form.

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Apollo, as he emerges and causes some
fright among the people, declares his

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purview once again. We have a prophecy,
song, medicine, these things show up and

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come out of Apollo, as he declares what
his purview is going to be.

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Prophecy here is to declare the will of
Zeus,

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Which means that Apollo's being careful to
say; yeah, I can see in to the future but

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don't mistake that for saying that I'm the
one that controls all things.

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Instead he cedes to Zeus, his father, to
say that, yeah, Zeus is the one who's will

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controls the future, I'm the one that can
see it.

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There's Apollo being careful to.
Yeah, sure, he wants to say that he's a,

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authoritative and powerful, but he wants
to make sure also that, he, everyone

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realizes he understands his role is
subordinate to Zeus.

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Our main story is Apollo trying to find a
place to settle.

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He is looking around, trying to find a
place where he can build a temple.

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That place turns out to be Delphi.
He establishes rights and gets himself set

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up.
So, once again, a sense of a god in search

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of something, a god in search of a place,
trying to find a spot where he belong.

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That's definitely true in our Homeric in
to the meter.

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She needs to get re-acquainted and rebuilt
built back into her Homeric her Olympian

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society after this trauma that happend
with her and Persephone.

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Well, Apollo now is just trying to find
his spot, where does he belong on Earth

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and what kind of rights are going to be
established in his honor.

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And Apollo.
Oh, I think a ritual dimension of this

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story is extremely pronounced.
What else do we have going on here in this

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story, aside from Apollo trying to find a
spot where he can be worshiped?

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This seems to be a really important part
of what gods want.

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They, they like it when you and I pay
attention to them.

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We're a critical piece of their identity.
Trying to find that spot and establish it

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in Apollo's hymn, really comes through as
a critical part of him finding his own

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place in the universe is finding a place
for.

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All of us human beings to worship him.
We hear a story of Telphusa, who is a

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personified spring.
She shows up and says, well hello, Apollo.

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And he says, greetings,
And he's about to build a temple there.

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She says, you know, maybe you don't want.
To build a temple here when the beautiful

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plains that are all around me, she's
personified here, are going to be trampled

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and people are going to haul horses and
the chariots and everything are going to

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become,
Washing across this plain.

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When they do they'll be admiring me and
you'll be jealous, you'll want them to

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admire you, so you should go somewhere
else.

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Apollo listens to this and decides that
having all these horses moving around in

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this wide open plain is not going to work
out.

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So what does he do, he goes up into the
folds of Parnassus.

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Beautiful photograph of the layout here.
You'll see that there's the scene, you can

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see way out far on the edge.
We're actually looking from the

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perspective of Delphi itself here, looking
down the folds of Parnassus and across the

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plain.
The wide open spaces down there, yeah,

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there might have been the horses and
chariots, but go up the hill and you don't

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have the room for people to be making
gestures with their herds and horses,

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instead you get into Dephi's territory.
And there people's movement is a little

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bit more hampered, constricted and in fact
there is a focus, a literal geographical

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focus on one spot.
And that is this wonderful temple shrine

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at Delphi.
In looking back from the temple site, down

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the fields we see this beautiful thing set
up there.

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Those of you who've some of you will have
already visited this spot.

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It's quite moving.
There, who knows, there's some of you

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taking the class that are living down the
road from it.

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If you are, go take some snapshots and
share them with us.

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It's a quite amazing sight.
Highly recommended that you should go.

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Take a look at it.
This side of Delphi Apollo finds it.

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This is going to be his special spot on
Earth.

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He's ready, sets up his temple, he's going
to get himself established.

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He's finally found a place to be.
In our hymn we have a description of

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Apollo getting going on the process.
Let's just focus on that.

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Apollo spoke and laid out the foundations
wide, solid, and very long.

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And a stone threshold was placed by the
sons Erginus, Trophonius, and Agamedes,

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friends of the deathless god, the endless
human nations raised a temple of carved

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stone to be sung about forever.
A lovely spring flowed near, where the

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noble son of Zeus killed a huge snake by
his stout bow, there.

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A savage, bloated monster who brought
outrage continually on the country's

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people and slender-footed sheep, a gory
curse.

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We hear about this monster don't we, and
Apollo's slaying of this nasty huge snake

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that's hanging around his spring right
nearby is.

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His conquest in order to secure s-, a safe
zone for those around Delphi to worship

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him.
Now, you'll recognize that as we start

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talking about this snake, all of a sudden
we get, you know.

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Dozens and dozens of lines talking about
some other monster.

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You'll recall from the, Hesiod's tale of
Zeus' conquest, that as Zeus is trying to

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order the whole universe, there's this
monster Typheus that comes up at the very

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end, after Zeus has conquered everyone
else, Earth produces Typheus.

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And then Typheus comes and attacks Zeus.
After Zeus slays Typheus, well then he's,

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established.
That's the last challenge at his

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authority.
In this case, we hear a lot of digression

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on this monster here, called Typheon, but
it's clearly the same one.

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The story varies in some of its details
but mostly it reflects the same kind of a

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thing, talking about Zeus' conquest of it.
And the relationship between that and our

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snake is not absolutely obvious unless you
re-read it very closely, what the author's

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saying is that this monster, that Zeus
slew, famous Typhaon, well known

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throughout the universe as the, as the
last impediment to Zeus' authority whom he

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slew.
Very tough customer.

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This one has a relationship with the
snake.

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The snake actually served as the foster
mother to this creature and raised Typhaon

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up.
And so the connection, I think that the

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author's trying to say is that sure, Zeus
slew Typheus, Typhaon,

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But our god Apollo, slew the mother of
Typhaon to give that extra kind of

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monsterly credentials.
Monsterness, of this snake is

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credentialized very powerfully by saying,
it was such a monster it could serve, as

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foster mother to Typheus, who really,
among the most famous, of these nasty

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creatures, that, that sprouted up, in the
early generations of creation.

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Now the comparison here I think suggests
very subtly that Apollo's power in the

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universe is very strong.
So strong in fact that some might have

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made a claim at some point along the way
that Apollo was actually superior to Zeus.

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Don't find that in a literary tradition.
You don't find mythical references that

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talk about that.
We don't have a battle between Apollo and

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Zeus.
Zeus is top dog, and always has been top

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dog in the mythic stories.
Apollo's careful to talk about himself in

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a subordinate position to Zeus, but it's
stories like this and the story that talks

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about all the gods being terrified of
Apollo and how powerful he is, all the

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places that are scared to bring him in
that I think suggest very subtly that

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those partisans that backed Apollo as
their local divinity and god might well

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have had designs on trying to think about
him as being top dog in the universe.

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Then from there we get a story that
builds.

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We've got the conquering of Pytho That
gets linked to a couple of or to an

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important ruler who helps us understand
who, what Apollo's all about.

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The list of epithets that show up in this
story each of them are attachments to

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Apollo's name. Pythian Apollo.
Telephousios is another nick name that

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Apollo gets.
Del, Apollo of Delphi, Delphinios.

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These are terms that get linked with
Apollo in the tradition of rites that

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surround him and epithets attached to his
name.

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Our story is giving us a reason for
thinking how it is they got attached to

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him.
They're telling a story behind these

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traditional names by which we know Apollo.
Pytho is the name that the beast gets

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because it comes from a Greek verb meaning
to rot.

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After Apollo killed it, the beast rotted
there on the plain.

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And so the term Pythian gets attached to
Apollo.

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Telephus seems to recall Telphusa.
The water nimph that we saw down on the

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plains and talked Apollo out of settling
his temple there.

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That helps us understand occultic epithet
of Apollo Telephousios.

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And also Delphi.
I mean just a story of, of, of, of the

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name there gets pulled out in our story.
The final closing bit Apollo's trying to

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search for.
Someone who can,

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Tend his rights for him.
He needs a human population to surround

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his temple and execute his rights on his
behalf.

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And it just so happens that some Cretan
sailors come washing up on shore.

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And Ap-,
Apollo thinks well sure, let's go see what

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we can make here and shows up to them in
the form of a dolphin not, again not a,

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Very subtly, laid out in the hymn, hymn.
You have to read very closely.

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But, yes indeed,
Talks about Apollo flopping up dolphin

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like on to the ship.
When he does they're scared, they're not

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sure what's happening, and some huge
monstrous beast out of the, out of the

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sea.
And then he starts to take over their ship

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and guide them around.
Lots of places are visited that had to do

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with Apollos cult.
And eventually Apollo says you know I'm

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here, I'm the god and you're going to be
my people. I'm going to bring you in, and

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you can now tend my, tend my rights for me
in the sight of Delphi.

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So that term, Delphi comes from this
Delphinian backround in the story the

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Greek term.
Delphis actually just goes ahead, is, is a

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direct, their direct way of saying
dolphin.

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So it's connected in the story to Apollo
the Dolphin.

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Now, Apollo has got himself settled.
He's got his home at last, at Delphi, a

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beautiful temple that he's built there, a
lovely place that's situated just right,

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that he has figured out how to make it
just work, just right.

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He's got people who can put his rights
together for him.

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He's settled and the cult of Apollo is now
free to flourish at Delphi. His home there

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is made.
He's home at last.

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He has this place settled.
We are going to take a turn in some of the

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materials in this course.
There's one more tool we want to pull out

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of our tool box in the coming lecture and
then from there we are going to move on to

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a different genre all together.
We are going to start talking about Greek

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tragedies.
In the coming week these things are going

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to be quite wonderful.
Look forward to reading those with you.

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One more tool in the toolbox and then we
will move on to tragedy.