1 00:00:03,489 --> 00:00:07,040 Let's turn now to ties and dots. 2 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:09,650 Rhythms don't always occupy complete beats or 3 00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:14,280 regular subdivisions, sometimes we want to extend the duration of a note. 4 00:00:14,280 --> 00:00:16,908 We can do this by tying one note to another, 5 00:00:16,908 --> 00:00:18,960 as you can see on your screen now. 6 00:00:20,562 --> 00:00:24,173 That tie or line, connecting the crotchet to the quaver, 7 00:00:24,173 --> 00:00:28,595 means that the note you are now going to play is one and a half beats long, 8 00:00:28,595 --> 00:00:33,490 rather than two separate notes of one beat and then half a beat. 9 00:00:33,490 --> 00:00:35,840 So we're not playing the note twice now, 10 00:00:35,840 --> 00:00:39,010 rather we're extending the duration by tying the two together. 11 00:00:41,120 --> 00:00:44,630 In this simple case of a quarter note tied to an eighth note, 12 00:00:44,630 --> 00:00:47,910 we can use a dot to indicate exactly the same duration. 13 00:00:50,050 --> 00:00:53,270 The clue is in the fact that the second tied note 14 00:00:53,270 --> 00:00:56,040 is half the duration of the first. 15 00:00:56,040 --> 00:00:59,576 If you see a note with a dot immediately to its right, then this 16 00:00:59,576 --> 00:01:03,865 means that the indicated duration is extended by half its duration again. 17 00:01:03,865 --> 00:01:09,420 So a dotted crotchet, or quarter note, would last one and a half crotchets. 18 00:01:09,420 --> 00:01:11,810 On the other hand, you've got to be careful here. 19 00:01:11,810 --> 00:01:16,670 A dot immediately above or below a note is another matter altogether and 20 00:01:16,670 --> 00:01:18,390 nothing to do with rhythm. 21 00:01:18,390 --> 00:01:22,910 It indicates a staccato or a detached type of note articulation. 22 00:01:24,970 --> 00:01:26,870 Let's look at another example. 23 00:01:26,870 --> 00:01:32,320 A dotted quaver or eighth note would similarly last one and a half quavers. 24 00:01:32,320 --> 00:01:36,253 So that would be the equivalent of tying a quaver to a semiquaver, or 25 00:01:36,253 --> 00:01:38,325 an eighth note to a sixteenth note. 26 00:01:38,325 --> 00:01:44,408 [MUSIC] 27 00:01:47,287 --> 00:01:51,680 Dotting can be further extended by adding multiple dots. 28 00:01:51,680 --> 00:01:56,170 Two dots would extend the duration of the indicated note by half of that duration 29 00:01:56,170 --> 00:01:58,570 and half of that duration again. 30 00:01:58,570 --> 00:02:02,503 So a double dotted crotchet or quarter note would actually be one and 31 00:02:02,503 --> 00:02:06,651 three-quarter crotchets in length, one plus half, plus a quarter. 32 00:02:06,651 --> 00:02:12,433 Triple or even quadruple dotted notes also exist, though they are a lot less common. 33 00:02:12,433 --> 00:02:18,818 [MUSIC] 34 00:02:24,483 --> 00:02:28,540 Another notational symbol related to rhythm is the pause, or fermata. 35 00:02:29,750 --> 00:02:35,600 When placed over any note or rhythm, this symbol indicates an out of time pause. 36 00:02:35,600 --> 00:02:38,450 The length of the pause is determined by the musician, but 37 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:42,450 as a general rule of thumb, it's about twice as long as the indicated duration. 38 00:02:46,940 --> 00:02:51,260 Now when you're writing rhythms yourself rather than just reading them, 39 00:02:51,260 --> 00:02:53,570 you might ask yourself how to space them. 40 00:02:53,570 --> 00:02:56,350 It would be reasonable to assume that a crotchet or 41 00:02:56,350 --> 00:03:00,920 quarter note takes up the horizontal space of two quavers or eighth notes. 42 00:03:00,920 --> 00:03:05,310 This is sometimes the case, some composers even prefer it that way. 43 00:03:05,310 --> 00:03:09,730 But most publishers tend to squash longer durations into less horizontal space 44 00:03:09,730 --> 00:03:12,130 than the requisite number of shorter durations. 45 00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:15,320 So you can adopt this approach when writing yourselves. 46 00:03:15,320 --> 00:03:19,147 The thing to bear in mind is that when you're writing more than one part, 47 00:03:19,147 --> 00:03:21,785 then coincident notes have to vertically align so 48 00:03:21,785 --> 00:03:24,948 that you can see which notes will actually sound together.